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UPPER STRAKE OF BOATS.
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A strake thicker than those of the bottom, wrought round
the gun-wales. |
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UPPER WORKS.
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A general name given to all that part of the ship above
the wales; or all that part which may be considered as separated from the bottom
by the main-wale. |
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UPRIGHT. |
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The position of a ship when she neither inclines to one
side nor the other. Hence any thing is said to be upright when square with, or
perpendicular to, the keel.
As the ship when building lies with a declivity for the
purpose of launching, it is evident, that every thing within her intended to be
perpendicular or upright, when afloat, must be set so much farther aft as its
upper part or head inclines from a plumb or perpendicular in its length,
according to the angle made by the declivity of the ship in the same length. |
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WAIST. |
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A name given to that part of the top-side above the upper
deck, between the main and fore drifts. |
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WALES. |
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The principal strakes of THICKSTUFF wrought on the outside
of the ship upon the main-breadth, or broadest part of the body, and which are
called the main-wales. Also those that are wrought between the ports,
which are called the channel-wales and middle or sheer-wales. The main-wales
are the lower wales, which are generally placed on the lower breadth.
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WALL-SIDED. |
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A term applied to the top-sides of a ship when the
main-breadth is continued very low down and very high up, so that the top-sides
appear straight and upright like a wall. |
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WARD-ROOM. |
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The apartment in which the officers mess. next under the
captain's cabin. |
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WASH-BOARD. |
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A shifting strake along the top-sides of a small vessel,
used occasionally to keep out the sea. |
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WATER
LINES, or LINES of FLOATATION. |
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Those horizontal lines, supposed to be described by the
surface of the water on the bottom of a ship, and which are exhibited at certain
depths upon the sheer-draught. Of these, the most particular are those
denominated the Light Water Line and the Load Water Line; the
former, namely, the light-water line, being that line which shews the depression
of the ship's body in the water, when light or unladen, as when first launched;
and the latter, which exhibits the same when laden with her guns and ballast or
cargo. In the half-breadth plan these lines are curves limiting the
half-breadth of the ship at the height of the corresponding lines in the
sheer-plan. |
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WATER WAYS. |
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The edge of the deck next the timbers, which is wrought
thicker than the rest of the deck, and so hollowed to the thickness of the deck
as to form a gutter or channel for the water to run through the scuppers.
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WEDGE. |
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A triangular solid, much used in the construction of a
ship, and too well known to need description. It is one of the mechanic powers,
the most simple and of the greatest force. |
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WELL. |
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The apartment formed in the middle of the hold, by
bulkheads erected to enclose the pumps, and protect them from injury, which
might otherwise accrue from the lading and ballast, and also to give ready
admittance for examining the state of the pumps.
The well in a fishing smack is a strong apartment to
contain live fish, built water-tight in the middle of the hold, with a number of
holes through its bottom, by means of which the fish are continually supplied
with water, and preserved alive. |
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WELL-GROWN. |
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This term implies that the grain of the wood follows the
shape required, as in knee timber. |
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WHELPS. |
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The brackets or projecting parts of a capstan from the
barrel. |
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WHOLE-MOLDED.
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A term applied to the bodies of those ships which are so
constructed, that one mould made to the midship bend, with the addition of a
floor-hollow, will mould all the timbers below the main-breadth, in the
square-body.
Before the art of ship-building was brought to its present
perfection, the method of whole-molding was in great repute, and was much
practiced by the unskillful; as, however, the art improved, this method became
less approved of in the construction of ships, whose form of the midship bend
was required to be such, that if they were whole-molded nearly forward and aft,
they would not only be incapable of rising in a heavy sea, but be deprived in a
great measure of the more advantageous use of the rudder; for, by whole-molding,
no more is narrowed at the floor than at the main-breadth; nor must the rising
line lift any more than the lower height of breadth, which according to the form
of some midship-bends, would make a very ill constructed body.
How far whole molding may be used without injury may be n
by the Long Boat treated of hereafter; boats being now the only vessels in which
this method is practiced. |
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WINCH. |
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A small windlass, with an iron axis, hung in RHODINGS or
gudgeons, with a conical piece of timber at each end without the cheeks. It is
heaved round by two iron handles, formed by cranks or winches, from which it
takes its name. |
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WINDING. |
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Twisting or curving. Hence the expression "winding" is
used in opposition to "out of winding." |
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WINDING-BOARD.
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is a piece of deal on which the windings of the side
counter timber is marked, and from which the outside of the said timber is
trimmed by a batten kept out of winding by the marks on the board, and a mould
made to the shape of the topside. |
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WINDLASS. |
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An horizontal machine, composed of timber, and used in
merchant ships for heaving up their anchors in lieu of a capstan. |
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WINDLASS-CHOCKS.
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Pieces of oak or elm, fastened to the sides of small
vessels, and by which the ends of the windlass are suspended. |
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WINGS. |
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The places next the side upon the orlop, usually parted
off in ships of war, that the carpenter and his crew may have access round the
ship, in time of action, to plug up shot holes. |
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WING-TRANSOM.
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The uppermost transom in the stern-frame, upon which the
heels of the counter timbers are let in and rest. It is by some called the
main-transoms. |
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WITHIN-BOARD.
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Within the ship. |
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WITHOUT-BOARD.
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Without the ship. |
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WOOD AND WOOD.
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This term implies that when a treenail. is driven through
its point is directly even with the inside surface, whether plank or timber.
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WOOD-LOCK. |
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A piece of elm or oak, closely fitted, and sheathed with
copper, in the threading or score of the PINTLE, near the load-water line; so
that, when the rudder is hung, and the wood-lock nailed in its place, it cannot
rise, because the latter butts against the underside of the brace and butt of
the score. |
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WRAIN-BOLTS.
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Ring bolts, used when planking with two or more forelock
holes in the end for taking in the sett, as the plank. works nearer to the
timbers. |
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WRAIN-STAVES.
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A sort of stout billets of tough wood, tapered at the ends
so as to go into the ring of the wrain-bolt to make the sets necessary for
bringing-to the planks or THICKSTUFF to the timbers. |
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WRING-HEADS.
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An ancient name given to that part of the ship near the
floor-heads and second futtock heels, which, when a ship lies aground, bears the
greatest strain. |
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YARDS. |
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The long cylindrical pieces of timber, suspended upon the
masts to extend the sails to the wind. |
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YACHT. |
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A vessel of state or pleasure, usually employed to carry
noble personages, and accordingly fitted with convenient apartments and suitable
furniture.
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